Investigating Hormonal Level Biomarkers in the Diagnosis and Early Detection of Breast Cancer

Abstract

Background: Breast cancer is a major public health problem, with a high incidence among females worldwide, increasing with age and environmental conditions. Hormonal biomarkers have gained attention for their potential utility in the early detection of breast cancer. The study aimed to investigate the effect of biomarkers of different hormone levels, including prolactin, Testosterone, Cortisol, and Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) in the diagnosis and early detection of breast cancer risk. Methodology: Blood and saliva samples were collected from volunteer females, including 50 healthy females (NB), 111 benign breasts (BB), and 20 malignant breasts (MB) samples to determine hormone level biomarkers using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The results showed that hormonal biomarkers, particularly prolactin, testosterone, and HCG, can serve as indicators for the early detection of breast cancer in both serum and saliva. In contrast, cortisol hormonal biomarkers did not have an effective association with early breast cancer detection. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the present association between hormonal biomarkers, including prolactin, testosterone, and HCG, could serve as biomarkers for the early detection of breast cancer. In contrast, cortisol did not have an effective association with early breast cancer detection.